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IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM MERDEKA DALAM MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS DAN KEMANDIRIAN SISWA: KAJIAN PUSTAKA BERBASIS KEBIJAKAN DAN PRAKTIK PEMBELAJARAN
This study aims to analyse the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in the context of enhancing student creativity and independence through a literature review focusing on national policies and learning practices in the field. The Merdeka Curriculum is designed to provide flexibility to schools and teachers in developing a more contextual, student-centred, and project-based learning process, thereby optimally fostering the creative potential and independence of students. A review of policy documents, scientific literature, and case studies shows that the implementation of this curriculum has had a positive impact in the form of increased learning motivation, critical thinking skills, and the acquisition of independent learning management skills. However, the success of its implementation still depends on teacher readiness, resource support, and the involvement of various stakeholders. This study recommends improving teacher training, strengthening learning facilities, and conducting continuous evaluations to ensure the effectiveness of the Merdeka Curriculum in realising the goals of 21st-century education.
Copyright (c) 2025 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Indonesia
MEMBANGUN LINGKUNGAN KERJA HARMONIS DAN KONDUSIF: KAJIAN PUSTAKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN KEPUASAN KARYAWAN
This study aims to comprehensively review previous theories and research findings on the development of a harmonious and conducive work environment and its impact on employee productivity and satisfaction. The literature review was conducted by examining various aspects of the work environment, both physical and psychological, that support the creation of a comfortable, safe, and inclusive work atmosphere. The findings show that a harmonious work environment, which includes open communication, good interpersonal relationships, performance recognition, and work-life balance, contributes significantly to increasing employee motivation, engagement, and productivity. In addition, employee job satisfaction increases when their psychological and physical needs are met in the work environment. This study recommends that organisations consistently manage and improve the quality of their work environment as an effective strategy for achieving optimal performance and sustainable job satisfaction.
ANALISIS PERBANDINGAN PERFORMA DATABASE SQL DB ORACLE DENGAN NOSQL DB MONGODB
Databases have become an essential component of data management systems. In the ever-evolving information age, information and technology professionals are faced with the question of choosing a database that suits their diverse business and application needs. DBMS is divided into two types, namely relational database (SQL DB) and non-relational database (NoSQL DB). This research uses Oracle as a relational database and MongoDB as a non-relational database. The mechanism of data processing and storage is the difference between SQL DB and NoSQL DB. To find out the differences, especially in the query response from both, testing is needed. The database uses the gravity_book database from the cust_order table with a total data of 7550 rows and consists of 5 columns. Testing is done by applying four DML command operations in order to access and manipulate data from the cust_order table, namely by SELECT (reading data), UPDATE (updating data), INSERT (adding data), DELETE (deleting data) by limiting the number of different data records (750, 1500, 2550, 3000). This research aims to analyze the performance comparison between SQL DB Oracle and NoSQL DB MongoDB from the resulting query speed. The results show that the fastest response time for all test query commands is Oracle, while MongoDB ranks second after Oracle.
PENDIDIKAN ANTI-BULLYING SEBAGAI UPAYA MENCIPTAKAN LINGKUNGAN BELAJAR YANG AMAN DAN INKLUSIF: KAJIAN PUSTAKA TEORITIS DAN PRAKTIS
Bullying in schools is a serious problem that has a negative impact on students' psychological, social, and academic development. Anti-bullying education is a strategic effort to prevent and combat bullying, while fostering a safe, friendly, and inclusive school culture. This study uses a library research approach, examining theoretical and practical literature related to anti-bullying education. From a theoretical perspective, various scientific frameworks—such as Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, Maslow's theory of needs, Kohlberg's moral theory, and the concept of school climate—show that a sense of security is a fundamental need to support optimal learning. Meanwhile, from a practical perspective, the implementation of anti-bullying education involves school policies, teacher training, student involvement, parental support, counselling services, and the strengthening of digital literacy. This study concludes that anti-bullying education is not only a means of preventing violent behaviour, but also an important instrument in realising inclusive, humanistic, and democratic schools.
ANALISIS DAMPAK KURIKULUM CINTA DALAM PENDIDIKAN ISLAM SEBAGAI PENDIDIKAN TRANSFORMATIF YANG MENGUBAH PERSPEKTIF DAN SIKAP PESERTA DIDIK: KAJIAN PUSTAKA TEORITIS DAN PRAKTIS
This study aims to analyse the impact of the love curriculum in Islamic education as a form of transformative education that can change the perspectives and attitudes of students. The love curriculum is seen as an educational approach that integrates the values of compassion, rahmatan lil 'alamin, and humanism into the learning process. The method used is a literature review with a descriptive-analytical approach, examining scientific literature related to the theoretical basis and practical application of the love curriculum in Islamic educational institutions. The results of the study show that, theoretically, the love curriculum functions as a philosophical and pedagogical foundation that unites the spiritual, moral, and social dimensions of Islamic education. In practical terms, this curriculum produces significant changes in the attitudes and perspectives of students, such as increased social empathy, inclusive attitudes, and cooperative behaviour. The love curriculum also contributes to creating a conducive learning climate and minimising negative behaviour. The findings of this study emphasise the urgency of developing the love curriculum as a transformative Islamic education innovation and recommend strengthening teacher training and support systems for its implementation.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KEPATUHAN PAJAK PADA UKM DAN USAHA INFORMAL DI INDONESIA
This study aims to identify and analyse the factors that influence tax compliance in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) and informal businesses in Indonesia through a systematic literature review. Tax compliance in this sector is a major challenge in optimising state revenue, given the significant contribution of SMEs to the national economy. The study focuses on two main groups of factors, namely internal factors, which include tax knowledge, taxpayer attitudes, economic capacity, and financial management, as well as external factors, which include tax regulations, administrative convenience, fiscal incentives, the role of tax officials, and digital technology support. The results of the study show that a synergistic combination of internal and external factors greatly determines the level of tax compliance among SMEs and informal businesses. Therefore, an integrated approach to taxation policy and education is essential to encourage sustainable and inclusive compliance.
DARI KECEPATAN KE KEAMANAN: EVOLUSI PINJAMAN ONLINE DAN PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DI INDONESIA
The rapid development of financial technology (fintech) in Indonesia has significantly transformed the landscape of digital financing, particularly through online lending (peer-to-peer lending). These platforms provide quick and convenient access to funds, especially for underbanked segments, but also create new risks such as high interest rates, unethical collection practices, and misuse of personal data. This study aims to analyze the evolution of online lending services from a focus on speed toward security, and to examine the effectiveness of regulatory frameworks and consumer protection in Indonesia. A qualitative literature review method was employed, drawing from Scopus-indexed journals, Financial Services Authority (OJK) regulations, Law No. 27/2022 on Personal Data Protection, and international policy reports. The findings reveal that OJK Regulation No. 10/POJK.05/2022 has strengthened governance standards, interest rate caps, and consumer protection mechanisms; however, challenges remain in supervising illegal platforms, ensuring cost transparency, and improving digital financial literacy. In conclusion, the evolution of Indonesia’s online lending sector reflects a shift from speed-driven innovation to security and sustainability, where effective consumer protection relies on robust regulation, inter-agency coordination, and public awareness. Policy recommendations include enhancing technology-based supervision (regtech), expanding financial literacy programs, and conducting impact evaluations of existing regulations on consumer welfare.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN WORTEL KUKUS TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA REMAJA IN PONDOK TAHFIDZ AL FATIH, SINTANG REGENCY
Anemia is a problem that often occurs, especially in teenage girl. Anemia is defined as a condition when the concentration level of hemoglobin in blood is low, or the low of hematocrit.Besade in the survey in Girls Dormitory of Abim, Kediri in 2015, there 5 teenage girl no anemia (22,7%), 3 teenagers having anemia weight (13,6%), 6 teenagers level that could be categorized into mild-anemia(27,2%),8 teenagers girls that could be categorized into light anemia(36,3). Carrots contain high-level of iron and vitamin C which have role as the former of hemoglobin level in blood. Steamed carrots release beta carotene that hinders the vitamin absorption inside body. By releasing beta carotene, the iron and vitamin absorption will be better. The objection of this research is to know the influence of steamed carrot administration toward hemoglobin of the teenagers with anemia in Girls Pondok Tahfidz Al Faith Sintang 2024 .Objective: determine the effect of steamed carrot consumption on hemoglobin levels in adolescents with anemia at Pondok Tahfidz Al Faith Sintang in 2024. Research Method: Design of this research was pre-experiment. The researched population was all teenagers having anemia who do not consume blood-enhancing drugs in Girls Pondok Tahfidz Al Faith Sintang 2024 . This research was conducted on 17 people with technique of total population. The instrument was testing tool GCHb and observation sheet. The finding then was analyzed by using Wilcoxon test. Research Results: The result of pretest showed that most respondents (52.9%) which were 9 respondents, had hemoglobin level that could be categorized into mild-anemia. While the result of post-test showed that 8 respondents (47.1%) had hemoglobin level that could be categorized into light anemia. On the analysis result, there was gotten P- Value 0.001< α (0.05), thus H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. It could be concluded that there is influence in the administrating of steamed-carrot toward hemoglobin level of teenagers with anemia in Girls Pondok Tahfidz Al Faith Sintang 2024. Suggestion: Based on this research, it is expected that teenagers could use alternative non pharmacological cure by steamed-carrot to increase the level of hemoglobin in blood.
KAJIAN PUSTAKA TENTANG HUKUM ADAT SEBAGAI SUMBER HUKUM TIDAK TERTULIS DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP TATA NILAI SOSIAL
This study aims to analyze the existence of customary law as an unwritten legal source and its influence on the social value system within Indonesian society. Using a qualitative approach and a systematic literature review design, this research identifies and reviews Scopus-indexed and reputable scholarly literature discussing living law, legal pluralism, and social norms embedded in customary communities. The findings reveal that customary law functions as a living law rooted in cultural values and collective beliefs, playing a significant role in shaping social norms, maintaining harmony, and strengthening community cohesion. Compliance with customary law is moral and social in nature, driven by collective awareness and cultural legitimacy rather than formal sanctions. Furthermore, customary law embodies social values such as mutual cooperation, deliberation, and communal justice, serving as the moral foundation of society. However, its existence faces challenges from the dominance of positive law and modernization; thus, a legal pluralism approach is needed to acknowledge normative diversity and integrate customary law into the national legal system. This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing customary law within national legal policy to build an inclusive, contextual, and socially just legal system.
TRANSFORMASI SISTEM AKUAKULTUR MELALUI INTEGRASI TEKNIK GENETIKA DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI
The transformation of aquaculture systems is a strategic need to answer the challenges of increasing demand for animal protein, limited resources, and the threat of diseases in cultivated organisms. This research aims to analyze the role of the integration of genetic engineering and biotechnology in encouraging a change in the cultivation paradigm towards a more efficient, precise, and sustainable system. The research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review of scientific publications from the Scopus and ScienceDirect databases for the period 2012–2025. The results of the analysis show that the application of technologies such as genomic selection, marker-assisted selection, and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing is able to improve superior traits such as rapid growth, feed conversion efficiency, and disease resistance. The integration of molecular biotechnology through 'omics' approaches (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics) also supports precise monitoring of organism health and data-driven decision-making. However, the main challenges include ethical issues, limited infrastructure, biotechnology literacy, and strict biosafety regulations. In conclusion, aquaculture transformation through genetic and biotechnology synergy has the potential to accelerate the realization of sustainable aquaculture systems, but requires policy support, research investment, and institutional capacity strengthening for optimal implementation.
PENGARUH RISIKO BANK TERHADAP EFISIENSI BANK SYARIAH
Efficiency is one of the key indicators in assessing the performance of Islamic banking. One factor that potentially affects efficiency is bank risk, particularly financing risk as reflected in the Non-Performing Financing (NPF) ratio. This study aims to analyze the effect of bank risk on the efficiency of Islamic banks in Indonesia. The research employs panel data from 14 Islamic Commercial Banks over the period 2018–2024. The dependent variable is efficiency proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), while the independent variable is bank risk (NPF). The analysis was conducted using panel data regression with model selection tests, namely Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier (LM), which indicated that the Random Effect Model (REM) was the most appropriate. The results reveal that bank risk (NPF) has no significant effect on the efficiency of Islamic banks. This finding indicates that although fluctuations in NPF occurred, the average remained below the 5% threshold set by Bank Indonesia, and thus was not sufficient to affect efficiency levels. This study implies the importance of managing financing risk to ensure that the efficiency of Islamic banks is maintained.
ANALYSIS OF THE FACTORS THAT CAUSE INDUCTION OF LABOR IN A MATERNITY MOTHER AT PMB MASSIANA SINTANG IN 2025
World Health Organization (WHO) data on national health status in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) target states that globally around 830 women die every day due to complications during pregnancy and childbirth, with a MMR rate of 216 per 100,000 live births (WHO, 2017). As many as 99% of maternal deaths due to pregnancy, childbirth or birth problems occur in developing countries. The MMR ratio is still considered quite high as targeted to be 70 per 100,000 live births by 2030.Research Objective: To determine the Analysis of the causes of labor induction in maternal birth. Research Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective, data collection using secondary data.Results: An overview of the factors causing labor induction in maternal birth, based on uterine inertia that is 73 mothers (94%), Early Amniotic Disease that is 68 mothers (87%), based on serotinus that is 46 mothers (58%). Suggestion: It is expected to detect early what are the causes of labor induction
KODIFIKASI HUKUM PIDANA NASIONAL PASCA-KOLONIAL: TELAAH LITERATUR ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2023 DAN IMPLEMENTASINYA PADA JANUARI 2026
This study examines the codification of post-colonial national criminal law in Indonesia through a literature review of Law No. 1 of 2023 and its implementation, which is scheduled to come into effect in January 2026. Using a normative-legal literature review method, this study examines changes in the substance and philosophy of criminal law that reflect the values of Pancasila, human rights, and adaptation to social dynamics and technological developments. Additionally, this study highlights challenges in implementing the new Criminal Code, including the readiness of law enforcement officials, public awareness, and adjustments to the judicial and legal administrative systems. The findings indicate that the codification of criminal law through Law No. 1 of 2023 is a strategic step toward building a modern, sovereign, and just criminal legal system in Indonesia; however, the success of its implementation depends heavily on the synergy of all stakeholders and their readiness to adapt to change.
STRATEGI PERENCANAAN PAJAK DAN IMPLIKASINYA TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA PADA SEKTOR PERBANKAN DI INDONESIA
This study aims to examine the effect of tax planning on earnings management in the banking sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. In a high-pressure business environment, tax planning strategies are often employed by management to optimize tax burdens while also influencing reported earnings. This research uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that tax planning has a positive and significant effect on earnings management. These findings support agency theory, which posits that managers, as agents, have incentives to manage earnings to meet specific targets or maintain reputations. Therefore, tax strategies should be carried out ethically and transparently to avoid misleading investors or regulators.
LITERATURE REVIEW: KAITAN ANTARA KINERJA KEUANGAN DAN PENGHINDARAN PAJAK DI INDUSTRI KEUANGAN INDONESIA
This study aims to analyze the influence of financial performance and avoidance practices in financial sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2023 period. This research employs a qualitative method using a literature study to various articles from Sinta indexed journals, financial reports, and other secondary data. The findings suggest a significant relatedness between financial performance and the tendency to engage in tax avoidance. Companies with strong financial performance may have more resources to pursue aggressive tax planning, while financially pressured firms may also seek tax avoidance strategies to preserve cash flow. This study is expected to contribute theoretically to tax literature and provide insights for policymakers in designing more effective tax supervision policies in the financial sector.
PENGARUH UPAH MINIMUM REGIONAL DAN KESEMPATAN KERJA TERHADAP KRIMINALITAS DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
This study aims to analyze the effect of regional minimum wages and job opportunities on crime in Central Kalimantan. This study was conducted in Central Kalimantan between 2014-2024 and the analytical tools used were multiple regression analysis and classical assumptions, which were processed using SPSS 25. The results of the multiple regression analysis explain that regional minimum wages (X1) and job opportunities (X2) do not have a significant effect on crime in Central Kalimantan. The results of the classical assumptions explain that this regression model meets the assumption of normality, there is multicollinearity in this regression model, there are no symptoms of heteroscedasticity in the regression model used, it is concluded that in the regression model there are no symptoms or problems of autocorrelation.
SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF RIVERINE LATRINES: A CASE STUDY IN SUNGAI RAYA VILLAGE, SEPAUK DISTRICT
Background: Open defecation remains a major challenge in sanitation development in rural Indonesia, including West Kalimantan. Riverine latrines are one of the means still used by the community, influenced by various sociodemographic factors. Objective: To examine the relationship between gender, age, education, and family income with the use of river latrines in Sungai Raya Village, Sepauk District. Methods: This was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach involving 278 respondents. Data were collected through questionnaires and analysed using odds ratio and chi-square tests. Results: The use of river latrines is still high (65.8%). There was no significant association between gender (p=0.219) and education (p=0.981) with river latrine use. However, there was a significant association between age (p=0.016; OR=1.994) and income (p=0.023; OR=1.928) with the practice. Respondents aged ≤31 years and earning ≤ MSE were more likely to use river latrines than other groups. Conclusion: Age and family income significantly contributed to the use of river latrines, while gender and education did not. Community-based sanitation program interventions need to consider economic factors and the younger generation as agents of sanitation behaviour change.
HUBUNGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN GIZI DAN SIKAP DENGAN KEBIASAAN SARAPAN PADA MAHASISWA
Breakfast is essential for supporting energy for thinking, working, and performing physical activities optimally, especially for university students. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of nutritional knowledge and attitudes with breakfast habits among students at the Faculty of Public Health Sriwijaya University. This research applied a cross-sectional study design with 161 respondents. Data were collected using a questionnaires and analyzed using the chi-square test. The result of this study showed that 59% of students had a good level of nutritional knowledge, 32.9% moderate, and 8.1% low. Furthermore, 90.7% of students had a positive attitude, while 9.3% negative. Regarding breakfast habits, 49.1% of students had good habits and 50.9% had poor habits. Statistical analysis indicated a significant relationship between nutritional knowledge (p=0.027; PR = 3.558; 95% CI = 0.981–12.898) and attitude (p=0.018; PR = 1.669; 95% CI = 1.231–2.262) with breakfast habits among students at the Faculty of Public Health Sriwijaya University. A higher level of nutritional knowledge and more positsive attitudes toward breakfast are associated with better breakfast habits among students. It is recommended that students pay more attention to their breakfast habits and continue to increase their knowledge about healthy breakfasts.
OVERVIEW OF FACTORS CAUSING LONG LABOR IN PMB MASSIANA, SINTANG REGENCY
Background: World Health Organization (WHO) data shows that around 80% of maternal deaths are due to increasing complications during pregnancy, childbirth and after childbirth. The causes of maternal death are bleeding at 30.1%, hypertension at 26.9%, infection at 5.6%, abortion at 1.6%, prolonged labor at 1.8% and others at 34.5%. Data obtained from PMB Massiana shows that the incidence of prolonged labor in 2024 was 47 cases. Objective: To find out the description of the factors causing prolonged labor in PMB Massiana, Sintang Regency in 2024. Research Method: Descriptive quantitative with a retrospective approach, the sampling technique is total sampling, data collection using secondary data from medical record data, the research instrument is a check-list sheet. Research Results: Prolonged labor caused by power is caused by incoordination of uterine muscle contractions as many as 25 people (53%), then prolonged labor is caused by Passage due to abnormalities in the soft birth canal as many as 5 people (11%), and prolonged labor is caused by Passanger due to abnormalities in the shape and size of the fetus as many as 6 people (13%). Suggestion: Health services at PMB Massiana, Sintang Regency are quite good, but it is hoped that health workers will maintain existing services and even improve them. The services that must be improved are the provision of health education to mothers in labor about prolonged labor.
AGAMA SEBAGAI PILAR IDENTITAS SOSIAL DAN BUDAYA: KONTRIBUSI TERHADAP SOLIDARITAS, TOLERANSI, DAN PEMBENTUKAN KOMUNITAS
This study aims to examine the role of religion as a pillar of social and cultural identity and its contribution to solidarity, tolerance, and community building. Using a literature review method, this study examines various relevant literature to understand how religion shapes the values, norms, and character of society. The results of the study indicate that religion not only functions as a belief system but also as a primary source of inspiration in building a harmonious and civilised social order. Religion strengthens collective identity, fosters social solidarity, and promotes tolerance and harmony among people of different faiths. Additionally, religion plays a role in building inclusive communities through the reinforcement of humanistic values and solidarity. Thus, religion has a strategic contribution in creating a peaceful, tolerant, and civilised society amidst social and cultural diversity.
DAMPAK KEBIJAKAN RELAKSASI PAJAK TERHADAP KEPATUHAN DAN PENERIMAAN PAJAK SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19
This study aims to analyse the impact of tax relaxation policies implemented by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic on taxpayer compliance and state tax revenue. Using a literature review method, this study examines literature from various sources, such as scientific journals, government reports, and official documents related to tax relaxation policies. The analysis results show that tax relaxation policies provide significant benefits for taxpayers, particularly in alleviating financial burdens and maintaining business continuity amid the economic pressures caused by the pandemic. However, the effectiveness of these policies in improving taxpayer compliance is greatly influenced by the quality of socialisation, understanding, and ease of access to digital tax services. On the other hand, tax relaxation has an impact on a decline in state revenue in the short term, even though it functions as an instrument to support the national economy and help stabilise the economy. Thus, the success of tax relaxation policies is highly dependent on continuous monitoring, education, and evaluation so that the incentives provided are truly on target and able to support sustainable national economic recovery.
EFEKTIVITAS KEBIJAKAN INSENTIF PAJAK DALAM MENANGGULANGI DAMPAK EKONOMI PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
The COVID-19 pandemic has put significant pressure on Indonesia's economy, particularly on micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), which are the backbone of the national economy. To address this crisis, the Indonesian government has implemented various tax incentive policies as part of the National Economic Recovery (PEN) programme to maintain business continuity and promote economic recovery. This study uses a literature review method with a qualitative approach to analyse the effectiveness of tax incentive policies in mitigating the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The results of the study indicate that tax incentive policies, such as Government-Bearing Income Tax (PPh) 21, Final Income Tax (PPh) for MSMEs (DTP), exemption from Income Tax (PPh) 22 on imports, and reduction of Income Tax (PPh) 25 instalments, have made a positive contribution in alleviating the tax burden, maintaining cash flow, and increasing the resilience of businesses amid the economic crisis. However, the effectiveness of these policies still faces several challenges, such as the suboptimal utilisation of incentives across all sectors, insufficient outreach, and issues of misdirected targeting in the distribution of incentives. The evaluation also shows that most businesses have utilised the incentives, but tax revenue collection has decreased as a consequence of these policies, though this decline is deemed reasonable to maintain national economic stability. Overall, tax incentive policies during the pandemic can be considered quite effective in supporting national economic recovery, maintaining employment, and encouraging household consumption, although improvements are needed in socialisation, supervision, and simplification of procedures so that the benefits can be felt more widely and accurately targeted.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN UNTUK RANTAI PASOKAN PERTANIAN YANG TRANSPARAN DAN BERKELANJUTAN
The use of blockchain technology in the agricultural supply chain offers innovative solutions to address issues of transparency, data security, and distribution efficiency, which have long been major challenges for the agricultural sector. With its decentralised recording system and smart contract features, blockchain is able to permanently record every transaction and product movement in a transparent manner that can be verified by all stakeholders. This not only enhances consumer confidence in the origin and quality of products but also accelerates distribution processes and reduces the risk of counterfeiting and disputes in transactions. However, the implementation of blockchain in the agricultural sector still faces challenges such as the need for digital infrastructure, technological literacy, and cross-sector collaboration. With the right policies and synergy between the government, businesses, and farmers, blockchain technology has great potential to build a more transparent, efficient, and sustainable agricultural supply chain in the future.
FUNGSI DAN TANTANGAN PARTAI POLITIK DALAM MEWUJUDKAN PEMILU YANG DEMOKRATIS DAN INKLUSIF
This study aims to analyse the functions and challenges of political parties in realising democratic and inclusive elections in Indonesia through a literature review method. Political parties play a strategic role as a means of political education, cadre recruitment, channelling public aspirations, and monitoring the electoral process, all of which aim to ensure equal political participation without discrimination. However, in practice, political parties still face various obstacles, such as weak internal democracy, elite domination, money politics, low transparency and accountability, and minimal representation of vulnerable groups such as women, people with disabilities, and other minorities. Additionally, external challenges such as regulatory complexity, political fragmentation, and low-quality political education further exacerbate the situation, making the electoral process not yet fully democratic and inclusive. Therefore, internal party reforms, the implementation of affirmative policies, increased transparency, and the strengthening of inclusive political education are needed so that political parties can optimally perform their functions as the main pillars of democracy and realise truly democratic and inclusive elections in the future.
PERAN TEKNOLOGI BLOCKCHAIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN TRANSPARANSI PEMERINTAHAN
This study aims to examine the role of blockchain technology in improving government transparency through a literature review approach. Blockchain is a decentralised digital recording system with key characteristics such as transparency, security, and data immutability, making it capable of addressing various classic problems in government bureaucracy, such as corruption, data manipulation, and administrative inefficiency. Through literature analysis, this study found that blockchain implementation can create a record-keeping system that is openly auditable by the public, promote bureaucratic efficiency through the automation of administrative processes using smart contracts, and enhance public trust in the government. However, behind these significant opportunities lie challenges that must be addressed, such as cultural resistance, infrastructure limitations, the need for clear regulations, and data privacy protection. Therefore, cross-sector collaboration, strengthened regulations, and education are key to the successful implementation of blockchain to achieve more transparent, efficient, and accountable governance in the future.
PERANAN PENDEKATAN PLAY-BASED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT TERHADAP STEAM
This study aims to examine the role of play-based learning in increasing children's interest in STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics) through a literature review method. The results of the literature review show that play-based learning can create an active, enjoyable, and meaningful learning environment, making it easier for children to engage and be motivated to explore STEAM concepts. This approach also encourages the development of creativity, critical thinking skills, as well as collaboration and communication skills in children. Additionally, play-based learning provides children with the opportunity to experiment, innovate, and learn from direct experiences, ultimately fostering their interest and passion for STEAM fields. Therefore, the implementation of play-based learning is highly recommended in STEAM education to support the development of children's interests and competencies in the era of globalisation and technological advancement.
TRANSPARANSI PENGELOLAAN DANA DESA: EVALUASI KEBIJAKAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI
This study aims to evaluate the policy and implementation of transparency in village fund management in Indonesia through a literature review method. Transparency in village fund management is crucial to ensure effective use of funds, prevent misuse, and enhance public trust in village governments. The results of the study indicate that transparency policies have been clearly regulated through regulations such as the Village Law and Permendagri No. 20 of 2018, and supported by innovative systems such as Siskeudes, which facilitates reporting and access to village financial information. However, implementation at the village level still faces various obstacles, including limited human resources, technological infrastructure, and low community literacy. Therefore, strengthening the capacity of village officials, optimising the use of technology, and increasing community participation are key factors in achieving transparent, accountable, and sustainable village fund management.
PERAN PERTANIAN ORGANIK DALAM SISTEM KETAHANAN PANGAN: TINJAUAN DARI LITERATUR GLOBAL
Organic farming is one of the strategic approaches in supporting a sustainable global food security system. By prioritising environmentally friendly principles, organic farming reduces the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilisers, maintains soil health, and enhances biodiversity in agricultural land. Global literature indicates that this system not only provides healthy and nutrient-rich food but also contributes to climate change mitigation and farmer economic empowerment through product diversification and access to premium markets. However, organic agriculture still faces challenges such as lower productivity, high certification costs, and limited market access and technical knowledge among farmers. Policy support, technological innovation, and public education are key to optimising the role of organic farming in achieving fair, healthy, and sustainable food security in the future.
PERAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA BERBASIS MULTIKULTURAL DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN SIKAP INKLUSIF DAN KESADARAN BUDAYA SISWA
This study aims to examine the role of multicultural-based religious education in developing inclusive attitudes and cultural awareness among students through a literature review method. Multicultural religious education is considered highly relevant in the context of Indonesia's diverse society, as it instils values of tolerance, respect for differences, and mutual respect among students from various cultural and religious backgrounds. The results of the literature review indicate that religious education that integrates multicultural principles can shape students' inclusive, open, and sensitive character towards social issues around them. Additionally, this education is also effective in enhancing students' cultural awareness, strengthening their self-identity, and fostering a harmonious and peaceful school environment. Thus, multicultural-based religious education is an important strategy in building a young generation that is tolerant, culturally aware, and ready to face the challenges of globalisation.
MENGHADIRKAN SOLUSI KETAHANAN PANGAN MELALUI PERTANIAN ORGANIK: PERSPEKTIF LITERATUR
Organic farming is increasingly recognised as a strategic solution for achieving sustainable food security in Indonesia. This system emphasises the use of natural materials without synthetic fertilisers and pesticides, thereby maintaining soil health, improving crop quality, and reducing negative impacts on the environment. Literature reviews indicate that organic farming not only produces safer and more nutritious food but also contributes to increased farmer income through higher product prices and growing market demand. However, the development of organic farming in Indonesia still faces various challenges, such as complex certification processes, limited farmer knowledge, and uneven market access. Therefore, policy support, education, and technological innovation are needed to enable organic farming to develop optimally and play a greater role in achieving healthy, self-reliant, and sustainable national food security.