INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE) is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the Business field includes conceptual ideas in the fields of Economics, Accounting, Management, business. The scopes are Human Resource Management, Marketing Management, Financial Management, Production/Operational Management, Strategic Management, Islamic Business Management, Halal Industry Management, Hajj and Umro Management, Zakat and Waqf/ Islamic Philanthropy Management, Tourism Management, Banking Management, Industrial Management, Agribusiness Management, Business Administration. Journal Name : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE Abbreviation : INJOLE ISSN : 3026-0221 (online) Publication Frequently : monthly Chief of Editor : Profesor Madya Dr Hadenan Towpek Publisher : Adisam Publisher
SCOPE OF OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT IN THE ERA OF INDUSTRY 4.0: IOT AND ERP TECHNOLOGY
This study aims to analyse the expansion of the scope of operations management in the Industry 4.0 era through the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) technologies. This study uses a literature review research method. The results of the study show that IoT plays an important role in providing real-time data through sensors and connected devices to support machine condition monitoring, predictive maintenance, and supply chain optimisation, while ERP functions as an integrated system that processes operational big data into comprehensive managerial information for production planning, inventory control, and integrated inter-functional coordination. The integration of IoT and ERP has been proven to reduce downtime, lower operational costs, improve planning accuracy, and strengthen end-to-end visibility of operational processes, thereby driving a shift from reactive operations management to proactive and adaptive smart operations. These findings confirm that the synergistic use of IoT and ERP is a strategic prerequisite for organisations seeking to enhance their competitiveness and readiness for smart factories within the Industry 4.0 framework.
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ANALYSIS OF INDICATIONS OF FINANCIAL STATEMENT FRAUD IN TECHNOLOGY COMPANIES IN INDONESIA USING THE FRAUD PENTAGON THEORY
Financial statements often become objects of financial fraud. The driving factors of financial statement fraud are pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, and arrogance, which are known as the fraud pentagon. The purpose of this study is to obtain empirical evidence of the effect of the fraud pentagon on financial statement fraud. The sample was selected using purposive sampling from 2021–2024, resulting in 68 observations. The data analysis technique used panel data regression. The results of the analysis show that financial stability, financial target, ineffective monitoring, and change in auditor have no effect on financial statement fraud. Meanwhile, nature of industry, change in director, and the frequent number of the CEO’s picture have a positive effect on financial statement fraud. The results of this study support agency theory, which explains the existence of differences in interests between principals and agents, thereby potentially giving rise to fraudulent behavior.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEVERAGE, FREE CASH FLOW, AND INVESTMENT CASH FLOW ON ACCOUNTING CONSERVATISM OF MANUFACTURING COMPANIES LISTED ON THE INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE
Accounting conservatism is a prudence principle applied by corporate management in preparing financial statements. This study aims to empirically examine the relationship between leverage, free cash flow, and investment cash flow and accounting conservatism in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. The research population consists of manufacturing companies continuously listed on the IDX from 2021 to 2023. A saturated sampling method was employed, whereby the entire population was used as the research sample, resulting in a total of 188 companies. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results indicate that leverage, free cash flow, and investment cash flow are associated with accounting conservatism. Leverage and free cash flow show a positive relationship, meaning that higher leverage and free cash flow are associated with more conservative financial reporting by management. In contrast, investment cash flow exhibits a negative relationship, indicating that an increase in investment cash flow is associated with a decrease in the level of accounting conservatism.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF KLASSEN TYPOLOGY OF BANJARBAKULA METROPOLITAN URBAN AREA: REGIONAL AND SECTORAL APPROACHES
This study analyzes the inequality of economic development in the Banjarbakula Metropolitan Urban Area, emphasizing the spatial and sectoral distribution of growth. The objective of the study is to classify regencies and cities, as well as economic sectors, according to the Klassen Typology and to map core-periphery patterns as a basis for formulating more integrated and inclusive metropolitan development policies. The study uses a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data from the 2020-2024 GRDP (Gross Domestic Product) and population for five regencies and cities in Banjarbakula, as well as the average for South Kalimantan Province. These data are analyzed through growth calculations and GRDP per capita, regional and sectoral Klassen Typology classifications, and then visualized in a Geographic Information System. The results indicate Banjarmasin City as a developed and fast-growing region, Banjarbaru City as an area with potential for rapid development, while Banjar, Barito Kuala, and Tanah Laut Regencies are relatively lagging behind. Sectorally, the central Banjarmasin-Banjarbaru corridor is dominated by advanced service and trade sectors, while the peripheral areas still rely on low-productivity primary sectors, requiring more targeted policy intervention.
THE ROLE OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON THE INTENTION TO REUSE(A Study on JNE Express Customers in Denpasar City)
Abstract: The development of increasingly competitive expedition services requires companies to understand the factors that affect customer behavior, particularly the intention to reuse services. This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality on the intention to reuse among JNE Express customers in Denpasar City, with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The study involved 120 respondents selected using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Path Analysis, Classical Assumption Tests, the Sobel Test, and the Variance Accounted For (VAF) test. The results indicate that service quality has a positive and significant effect on the intention to reuse, service quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, customer satisfaction has a positive and significant effect on the intention to reuse, and customer satisfaction partially mediates the effect of service quality on the intention to reuse. These findings reinforce the Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), which explains that improvements in perceived service quality enhance customer satisfaction, ultimately encouraging customers’ intention to continue using JNE Express services in Denpasar City. Keywords: Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, Intention to Reuse
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WAQF ASSET DIGITIZATION ON COMMUNITY EMPOWERMENT AND SOCIAL INVESTMENT
This study aims to examine the economic impact of waqf asset digitization on community empowerment and strengthening social investment through a literature review approach. Digital transformation in waqf asset management presents new opportunities for optimizing waqf potential, particularly through increased transparency, efficiency, and accountability in the collection, management, and distribution of benefits to the community. Digitization enables the creation of a more inclusive waqf ecosystem by expanding access to community participation through digital platforms, accelerating the flow of information, and facilitating more structured social investment mechanisms. Based on the synthesis of various studies, waqf asset digitization has been proven to drive local economic growth through financing micro-enterprises, increasing Islamic financial literacy, developing social infrastructure, and enhancing the capacity of beneficiary communities. Furthermore, digitalization also strengthens the role of waqf as a social development instrument by creating a sustainable investment model that can enhance economic independence and community well-being. This study confirms that waqf asset digitization is not merely an administrative modernization but a transformational strategy for promoting community empowerment and more effective social investment.
FACTORS AFFECTING COLLATERAL VALUE AT THE INDONESIAN STATE BANK IN THE PAPUA REGION
The importance of accuracy in collateral valuation as one of the main instruments in maintaining banking health, particularly in controlling the non-performing loan (NPL) ratio. Inaccuracies in collateral analysis, which lead to overvaluation or the use of assets that do not have strategic market value, have the potential to cause difficulties in collateral execution and increase the risk of bank losses. This study aims to examine and analyse the factors that influence collateral value at Bank Negara Indonesia (BNI) in the Papua region. The research method uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The research population consists of data on 150 BNI Griya Multiguna consumer credit debtors, specifically residential debtors. A sample of 60 data points was obtained using purposive sampling. The data was obtained from five BNI branches in the Papua Region in the form of land legality, land area, building area, building legality, and building construction. The results of multiple linear regression show that land legality, building legality, and building area have a positive and significant effect on collateral value, while land area and building construction have a positive effect but are not statistically significant. The results of this study confirm that legal aspects, including land legality and building legality, as well as building area, are the main determinants of collateral value for residential consumer loans in the Papua Region. These findings are important for banks, appraisers, and stakeholders in the management of residential property-based loans, and encourage more accurate evaluations to minimise the risk of non-performing loans in the Papua region, ultimately benefiting the Government of the Republic of Indonesia.
THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONAL FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, FINANCIAL LITERACY, AND RISK PERCEPTION ON BITCOIN INVESTMENT DECISIONS AMONG GENERATION Z IN MALANG CITY, INDONESIA
This study analyzes the effects of personal financial management, financial literacy, fundamental analysis, technical analysis, and risk perception on Bitcoin investment decisions among Generation Z in Malang. Using data from 100 respondents and applying PLS-SEM, the results show that only technical analysis has a significant positive influence on investment decisions. The other variables—personal financial management, financial literacy, fundamental analysis, and risk perception—do not show significant effects. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power with an R² of 0.979, indicating that these factors collectively explain most of the variation in Bitcoin investment decisions.
ANALYSIS OF QRIS IMPLEMENTATION IN IMPROVING TRANSACTION EFFICIENCY FOR MICRO ENTERPRISES IN SIHUIK-HUIK VILLAGE, SOUTH TAPANULI
The Community Service Program (KKN) of the Faculty of Economics and Islamic Business at the State Islamic University of North Sumatra, conducted in Sihuik-huik Village, South Tapanuli, serves as a form of community empowerment focusing on digital-based economic development through the implementation of QRIS. This initiative was developed in response to low levels of digital literacy and limited technological adaptation among micro-business owners in utilizing digital systems to facilitate financial transactions. QRIS (Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard) was introduced as a payment instrument to expand market access and simplify transactions between micro enterprises and consumers. This study employs a community organization approach emphasizing active collaboration between the implementation team and micro-enterprise actors in the village. This method was chosen due to its effectiveness in fostering engagement, supporting adaptation processes, and strengthening users’ capacity to apply digital payment technology such as QRIS. The findings indicate that the community demonstrated improved understanding of digital systems and successfully began utilizing QRIS-based payment methods. Several micro-business owners have implemented QRIS in daily transactions, resulting in increased convenience and transaction efficiency for both consumers and business operators. Overall, the program successfully enhanced digital payment awareness and contributed to the adoption of QRIS-based transactions among micro-enterprises.
ANALYSIS OF UTAUT METHOD TO EXPLAIN SUSTAINABLE INTENTIONS IN USING BUY NOW, PAY LATER SERVICE IN INDONESIA
The development of financial technology (fintech) has encouraged the emergence of various innovations in digital payment systems, one of which is the Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) service. This service allows consumers to make purchases with deferred payments without the need for a credit card, making it a popular alternative in Indonesia. Based on OJK data, the growth of BNPL services will reach 26.59% in April 2025, indicating a significant increase in public adoption of digital payment systems. This study aims to analyze the factors that affect users' sustainable intentions in using BNPL services in Indonesia using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The variables studied included performance expectations, business expectations, social influences, and facility conditions. The results show that ease of use, facility support, and social influence have a stronger effect on users' intention to continue using BNPL services than performance expectations. Therefore, BNPL service providers are advised to focus on improving accessibility, system reliability, and building trust through a community-based approach.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THE EFFECT OF WORK-LIFE BALANCE ON ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT(A Study on the Staff of the Tourism Management Agency of the Outer Area of Uluwatu Temple)
This study aims to analyze the mediating role of job satisfaction in the relationship between work-life balance and organizational commitment among staff of the Tourism Management Agency of the Outer Area of Uluwatu Temple. A non-probability purposive sampling technique was applied, involving 91 respondents. Data collection was conducted through surveys and interviews. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results indicate that work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment, work-life balance has a positive and significant effect on job satisfaction, job satisfaction positively and significantly affects organizational commitment, and job satisfaction is proven to partially and complementarily mediate the effect of work-life balance on organizational commitment.
ANALYSIS OF LEADING SECTORS AND THEIR EFFECT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN JEMBRANA REGENCY
Regional economic growth is an important indicator for evaluating development performance. This study analyzes leading sectors and examines the effect of the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector, as well as the transportation and warehousing sector, on economic growth in Jembrana Regency, with the Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) as a moderating variable. This study uses secondary data, including the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) of Jembrana Regency and Bali Province, as well as labor statistics from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) for the period 2010–2024. The methods used are Location Quotient (LQ), descriptive analysis, multiple linear regression, and Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results show that the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector, as well as the transportation and warehousing sector, are categorized as leading sectors in Jembrana Regency. Simultaneously, these two sectors have a significant effect on economic growth. Partially, the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector has a positive and significant effect, while the transportation and warehousing sector also provides a positive contribution. The moderation analysis reveals that the LFPR strengthens the effect of the transportation and warehousing sector on economic growth but does not moderate the relationship between the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector and economic growth. These findings suggest that the local government should strengthen the productivity of base sectors, particularly agriculture and transportation, and enhance labor force participation to support sustainable economic growth in Jembrana Regency.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURE ON FIRM VALUE IN SRI-KEHATI INDEXED COMPANIES
Intense competition across various industries drives companies to continuously enhance their firm value. Firm value is an important metric for assessing performance as well as the growth prospects of a business entity, and it represents a long-term objective that companies aim to achieve. For company owners, firm value is highly important because the stock price correlates with investors’ perceptions of how successful the company’s performance is. Grounded in stakeholder theory, this study aims to examine the effect of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure on firm value in SRI-KEHATI indexed companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2021–2024 period. This study uses leverage (DER), profitability (ROA), and industry type as control variables to reduce bias and increase research validity. The sample was determined using a purposive sampling method with the criteria of companies listed in the SRI-KEHATI index and having available ESG scores in the Refinitiv Eikon database for the 2021–2024 period. Based on these criteria, 26 companies were obtained with a total of 72 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression. The results show that disclosure of the environmental aspect has a negative effect on firm value, the social aspect does not show any effect on firm value, and the governance aspect is proven to have a positive effect on firm value.
THE EFFECT OF LIQUIDITY, LEVERAGE, AND BUSINESS RISK ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN THE CONSUMER CYCLICALS SECTOR
Financial performance is an essential indicator for assessing the effectiveness of a company’s asset management. The consumer cyclicals sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) experienced significant fluctuations in financial performance during 2021–2023, highlighting the need to examine its determining factors. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the influence of liquidity, leverage, and business risk on financial performance. A quantitative approach was employed using secondary data derived from the financial statements of consumer cyclicals companies listed on the IDX. The research sample was selected using purposive sampling, resulting in 46 companies and 81 observations. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with SPSS. The findings indicate that liquidity has no effect on financial performance, leverage has no effect on financial performance, while business risk has a positive effect on financial performance. These results suggest that financial performance in this sector is more strongly determined by business risk management than by liquidity or leverage.
Anak Agung Sagung Intan Sita Parameswari
THE ROLE OF BRAND IMAGE IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC WORD OF MOUTH (EWOM) ON MIXUE PRODUCT PURCHASE DECISIONS IN DENPASAR CITY
This study aims to examine the effect of Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) on Purchase Decisions with Brand Image as a mediating variable for Mixue products. The research was conducted in Denpasar City using data collection through questionnaires with a sample of 100 respondents who had purchased and consumed Mixue products. The data analysis techniques employed were Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics. The results of the analysis indicate that EWOM has a positive and significant effect on Brand Image and Purchase Decisions, Brand Image has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decisions, and serves as a mediator in influencing the effect of EWOM on Purchase Decisions. Theoretically, these findings reinforce consumer behavior literature by confirming that EWOM can affect purchase decisions both directly and indirectly through brand image. Practically, this study provides insights for Mixue to optimize digital marketing strategies by strengthening brand image, enhancing customer experience, and leveraging positive EWOM through reviews, social media interactions, and collaborations with influencers.
THE ROLE OF BRAND AWARENESS IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF VIRAL MARKETING ON PURCHASE DECISIONS (A Study on Consumers of Tukies Coconut Products in Gianyar Regency)
The rapid development of the digital era has driven substantial transformations in marketing practices. Many businesses now compete to design creative and interactive marketing strategies. Amid increasingly intense competition, Tukies Coconut an ice cream brand has implemented viral marketing strategies by utilizing social media platforms to enhance consumer engagement and expand market reach. This study aims to explain the mediating role of brand awareness in the influence of viral marketing on purchase decisions. The research was conducted in Gianyar Regency with a sample of 110 respondents selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using path analysis with SPSS 25.0. The findings reveal that viral marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions. Viral marketing also has a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. Furthermore, brand awareness significantly influences purchase decisions and is able to mediate the relationship between viral marketing and purchase decisions.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF PENALTY POLICY AS AN INSTITUTIONAL INSTRUMENT OF THE BUDUK VILLAGE WASTE BANK PROGRAM IN BADUNG REGENCY
Buduk Village is one of the villages in Mengwi District that actively develops a waste bank program as an alternative solution to waste management issues, especially since the absence of an Integrated Waste Disposal Site (TPST) since 2021. In practice, the waste bank in Buduk Village is operated by cadres from the PKK in each banjar. The problem arises when the level of community participation in depositing waste during each scheduled opening of the waste bank is low, which is often caused by moral hazard. To address this issue, several waste banks in Buduk Village implement a disincentive mechanism in the form of a penalty policy for community members who do not routinely deposit waste. This study uses a quantitative approach with the Mann-Whitney Test to analyze the difference in waste deposit frequency between waste banks that implement and do not implement the penalty policy. The analysis results show a very significant difference, where waste banks with a penalty policy consistently exhibit higher deposit levels (Z = -5.832; p = 0.000). In addition, the Spearman Rho correlation test shows a fairly strong positive relationship between the penalty policy and the frequency of waste deposits by customers (r = 0.6016; p = 0.000), indicating that the more firmly the penalty policy is implemented, the higher the tendency of the community to routinely deposit waste. These findings indicate that the implementation of a disincentive in the form of penalties can serve as an effective instrument to increase community compliance and participation in waste management based on waste banks at the village level.
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE DISCLOSURE ON FIRM VALUE WITH COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE AS A MEDIATING VARIABLE
This study is motivated by the increasing attention to ESG disclosure in the energy sector of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the ongoing debate regarding whether such practices enhance firm value through competitive advantage. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of ESG disclosure on firm value with competitive advantage as a mediating variable. Grounded in signaling theory, ESG disclosure is positioned as a credible signal of managerial quality, accountability, and corporate commitment that reduces information asymmetry, lowers risk, and creates opportunities for cost and differentiation advantages valued by the market. A quantitative approach was applied to 203 observations of energy issuers during 2021–2023 using purposive sampling. Firm value was proxied using Tobin’s Q, competitive advantage was measured through EV/IC, and ESG disclosure was constructed using GRI 400, GRI 300, and GRI 2 indicators. Mediation analysis was performed using the Baron and Kenny regression method in SPSS. The findings show that ESG disclosure has a positive effect on firm value. Environmental disclosure positively affects competitive advantage, whereas social and governance disclosures do not. Competitive advantage positively influences firm value and partially mediates the effect of environmental disclosure on firm value, but does not mediate social or governance disclosure. The results confirm that material and operationally linked ESG disclosure is more effective in enhancing valuation than disclosure conducted merely for formal compliance.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE, AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANIZATIONS
This study examines the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership and organizational culture on employee performance in a public sector context, with job satisfaction as a mediator. Employing a quantitative survey design and structural equation modeling (SEM), data were collected from public servants at the Regional Secretariat of Tanah Datar Regency, Indonesia (N = 121). Results indicate that transformational leadership and organizational culture both positively and significantly influence performance. Moreover, job satisfaction significantly mediates these relationships, with indirect effects observed. These findings contribute to leadership and organizational behavior theory by elucidating psychological mechanisms underlying performance in public institutions and offering practical implications for public HR management.
STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING PALM OIL MARKETING CHANNELS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON PROFIT MARGINS, FARMER SHARES, AND DISTRIBUTION CHAIN OPTIMISATION
This study aims to analyse strategies for developing palm oil commodity marketing channels through a literature review approach that highlights aspects of profit margins, farmers' share, and distribution chain optimisation. This study was motivated by the issue of uneven distribution of added value between farmers and industry players, as well as logistical inefficiencies in the palm oil marketing system in Indonesia. The results of the analysis show that the uneven profit margins and low farmer's share are mainly caused by the length of the distribution chain, weak farmer institutions, and limited access to market information. Distribution chain optimisation can be achieved through the application of digital technology, price transparency, and institutional integration between farmers, cooperatives, and the processing industry. Digitalisation, strategic partnerships, and logistics policy reforms are key strategies for creating an efficient, inclusive, and sustainable marketing system. This study recommends the development of a technology-based and sustainable collaborative marketing model as the basis for policies to improve the competitiveness and welfare of palm oil farmers at the national level.
ORGANISATIONAL MANAGEMENT TRANSFORMATION STRATEGIES IN HEALTHCARE SERVICES: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON INFORMATION SYSTEM INTEGRATION, HUMAN RESOURCE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT, AND SERVICE QUALITY OPTIMISATION FOR PATIENTS IN THE DIGITAL AGE
Organisational management transformation in healthcare services is a strategic necessity in the digital age, which is characterised by advances in information technology and increasing patient expectations regarding service quality. This study aims to analyse healthcare organisational management transformation strategies through a literature review of three main aspects, namely information system integration, human resource performance improvement, and patient service quality optimisation. The method used is a systematic literature review with scientific data sources from international databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. The results show that information system integration, whether in the form of Electronic Health Records, Hospital Information Systems, or telemedicine, can improve managerial efficiency and data-based decision-making. However, the success of this digital transformation is highly dependent on the readiness and competence of human resources who are responsive to technological changes and have high digital literacy. Improving human resource performance through continuous training, transformational leadership, and an innovative organisational culture has been proven to have a significant effect on service quality and patient satisfaction. Overall, an effective management transformation strategy must integrate technology and people into a harmonious value system to create resilient, efficient, and patient-oriented healthcare services in the digital era.
organisational management transformation
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP, ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF OPERATIONAL STANDARDS, SERVICE INNOVATION, AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITALS
This study aims to analyse the influence of leadership, organisational culture, and technology on the effectiveness of healthcare management through a literature review approach that focuses on operational standards, service innovation, and risk management in hospitals. This study is motivated by the increasing demands for quality, safety, and efficiency in healthcare services in the era of digital transformation. Data was collected through analysis of relevant scientific literature, including nationally and internationally indexed journals, scientific books, and health policy reports. The results of the study show that leadership plays a role in determining the strategic direction and stability of the organisation, organisational culture shapes the values and work behaviours that support system effectiveness, while technology enhances speed, accuracy, and innovation in service management. The synergy of these three factors has been proven to create more adaptive, effective, and sustainable healthcare management. The application of visionary leadership, a collaborative work culture, and the comprehensive integration of health information technology are key to facing global dynamics and increasing the competitiveness of hospitals in Indonesia
EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF MARKETING CHANNELS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND IMPACT ON FARMER INCOME
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing channels in the distribution of agricultural products and to analyse the influence of channel structure and function on farmers' income. This study uses a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach through an examination of various scientific literature, previous research results, and agricultural economic policy publications. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of marketing channels is determined by the ability of the distribution system to distribute products quickly, accurately, and with minimal cost, while efficiency is related to the optimisation of resources to achieve maximum results. Long and inefficient channel structures generally cause a decline in profit margins at the farmer level because most of the added value is absorbed by intermediaries. Conversely, simple, integrated channel structures and functions supported by supporting functions such as price information, logistics, and cooperative institutions can significantly increase farmers' income. This study also emphasises the importance of modernising marketing systems through digitalisation, strengthening farmer institutions, and supporting public policies that favour producer welfare. Optimising the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural marketing channels is key to improving the competitiveness and economic stability of farmers in the era of globalisation.
EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES THROUGH THE ROLE OF RATING AGENCIES IN ENSURING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF FINANCIAL INDICATORS, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, AND PUBLIC TRANSPARENCY
This study aims to evaluate the health of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) through the role of rating agencies in ensuring financial performance and stability by examining three main dimensions, namely financial indicators, corporate governance, and public transparency. The research method used is library research with a qualitative descriptive approach that focuses on conceptual analysis of various scientific sources, rating agency reports, and government regulations on SOE governance. The results of the study show that financial indicators serve as objective benchmarks in assessing operational efficiency and sustainability, while corporate governance plays a role in maintaining accountability and internal control. On the other hand, public transparency strengthens public and investor confidence in state financial management. Rating agencies play an important role as external supervisors that provide objective assessments of SOE health and encourage the creation of a corporate culture that is transparent, professional, and performance-oriented. The synergy between strengthening financial indicators, implementing good governance, and public information disclosure under the supervision of independent rating agencies has proven to be the main foundation for the sustainability and competitiveness of SOEs at the national and global levels.
EVALUATION OF COMPETENCY-BASED CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL STUDY IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
This study aims to analyse, both theoretically and practically, the effectiveness of career development programmes and competency-based training in encouraging improved employee performance in a manufacturing company environment. The method used is a literature review that refers to various scientific literature, research journals, and empirical reports relevant to the field of human resource management. The results of the study show that planned career development and competency-oriented training can increase employee motivation, productivity, and loyalty. Theoretically, the integration of competency theory, motivation theory, and career development theory explains how the formation of individual competencies directly affects organisational performance. Meanwhile, in practical terms, the implementation of competency-based programmes in manufacturing companies has been proven to increase work efficiency, reduce operational error rates, and strengthen the workforce's readiness to face industrial transformation. This study emphasises the importance of continuous evaluation of training and career development programmes as part of a strategy for developing superior and highly competitive human resources.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN ENHANCING MACROECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS: A LITERATURE REVIEW BASED ON ECONOMETRIC AND PUBLIC POLICY APPROACHES
Financial management plays a central role in maintaining economic stability and strengthening macroeconomic competitiveness amid increasingly complex global challenges. This study aims to critically review the relationship between the effectiveness of financial management and the improvement of macroeconomic competitiveness through a literature review based on econometric and public policy approaches. Using a literature review method, this study analyses the empirical results of various previous studies that highlight the relationship between fiscal and monetary policies and public financial management on economic growth and macro stability. The econometric approach is used as a conceptual framework to understand the causal relationship between economic variables, such as government spending, inflation, exchange rates, and GDP, while the public policy perspective is used to assess the institutional dimensions and effectiveness of financial policy implementation. The results of the study show that transparent financial management, fiscal discipline, budget system reform, and cross-sector policy coordination can improve economic efficiency and create sustainable macro stability. In addition, the synergy between fiscal, monetary, and public institutional policies has a significant effect on improving the economic competitiveness index through strengthening innovation, investment, and public confidence in the financial system. This study concludes that financial management based on empirical analysis and adaptive public policy is an important foundation for achieving sustainable macroeconomic competitiveness in the era of globalisation.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRICE PERCEPTION, E-WOM, BRAND AMBASSADOR, AND HALAL LABELING ON ARTHA LDT SKINCARE PURCHASING DECISIONS THROUGH BUYER INTEREST IN BESUKI SITUBONDO
This study conceptually examines how price perception, electronic word of mouth (E‑WOM), brand ambassadors, and halal labeling influence purchase decisions for Artha LDT skincare products, with purchase intention serving as an intervening variable. The research context is Besuki, Situbondo, where local halal-certified skincare brands have grown through online marketplaces and social media. Using theoretical synthesis from consumer behavior, marketing communications, and halal consumer studies, this paper develops hypotheses and a conceptual path model. The analysis suggests that perceived affordability and price–quality fit positively shape purchase intention; E‑WOM and credible brand ambassadors amplify trust and perceived value; halal labeling reduces perceived consumption risk and strengthens intention among Muslim consumers. Purchase intention mediates the relationship between the antecedents and actual purchase decision. Contributions include a contextualized model for halal skincare marketing and practical recommendations for MSME brands aiming to scale through digital channels.
DEVELOPMENT OF SAMBAS SONGKET WEAVING MSMEs FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SHARIA ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MSMEs play a vital role in the national economy and in preserving local culture. In Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan, the songket weaving industry is not only a source of livelihood but also a symbol of the cultural identity of the Malay community. However, weaving MSMEs still face challenges such as limited capital, market access, and business governance. Sharia entrepreneurship offers an alternative approach that emphasizes blessings, justice, and spiritual values in running a business. This study aims to analyze how the development of Sambas weaving MSMEs can be directed in accordance with the principles of sharia entrepreneurship. The method used is a descriptive qualitative study using a literature approach and field observations. The results indicate that the integration of sharia principles can encourage more sustainable and ethical MSME development.
EXPLORING DIGITAL INNOVATION CAPABILITIES IN MSMES AGROSOCIOPRENEURSHIP : AN ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE
Digital transformation is a strategic factor for agrosociopreneurial MSMEs to enhance competitiveness and business sustainability . This study aims to develop a conceptual model explaining the relationships between the Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (DEE), Innovation Capability (IC), and Business Performance (BP). An exploratory – theoretical design was employed using bibliometric and systematic literature review (SLR) methods . Data were analyzed using VOSviewer for trend mapping and Co- occurrence Matrix. The study population compressed scientific publications , industry reports , and experts and academics in digital innovation , green economy , and MSME development , with a sample consisting of research articles from the past ten years and ten purposively selected experts . The findings indicate that DEE plays a crucial role in enhancing the innovation capability of agrosociopreneurial MSMEs . Value co-creation is identified as a key mechanism mediating the DEE–IC relationship and potentially strengthening the impact of DEE when stakeholders engagement is high . The proposed conceptual model provides a theoretical contribution by integrating DEE, co-creation , and IC, as well as practical recommendations to strengthen digital collaboration , technological literacy , and innovation policies for MSMEs .
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN THE UMKM SECTOR
This research departs from problem low the effectiveness of communication strategies in business negotiations in the MSME sector which impacts the results negotiation and competitiveness business. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze communication strategies effective in MSME negotiations as well its implications for business development. The method used is qualitative with a case study design, involving interview in-depth, observation, and documentation analysis. The research results found that personal and direct communication, the use of digital media in an intensive, as well as innovation in packaging narrative- like messages persuasiveness is a factor main success MSME negotiations. This innovation strengthens emotional bonding with business partners and increases persuasive power. The implications of this research emphasize importance training interpersonal and digital communication, as well as the development of adaptive communication strategies to support the sustainability and growth of MSMEs in the dynamic digital era.