INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE (INJOLE) is a scientific journal that publishes articles in the Business field includes conceptual ideas in the fields of Economics, Accounting, Management, business. The scopes are Human Resource Management, Marketing Management, Financial Management, Production/Operational Management, Strategic Management, Islamic Business Management, Halal Industry Management, Hajj and Umro Management, Zakat and Waqf/ Islamic Philanthropy Management, Tourism Management, Banking Management, Industrial Management, Agribusiness Management, Business Administration. Journal Name : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC LITERATURE Abbreviation : INJOLE ISSN : 3026-0221 (online) Publication Frequently : monthly Chief of Editor : Profesor Madya Dr Hadenan Towpek Publisher : Adisam Publisher
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP, ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE, AND TECHNOLOGY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF OPERATIONAL STANDARDS, SERVICE INNOVATION, AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN HOSPITALS
This study aims to analyse the influence of leadership, organisational culture, and technology on the effectiveness of healthcare management through a literature review approach that focuses on operational standards, service innovation, and risk management in hospitals. This study is motivated by the increasing demands for quality, safety, and efficiency in healthcare services in the era of digital transformation. Data was collected through analysis of relevant scientific literature, including nationally and internationally indexed journals, scientific books, and health policy reports. The results of the study show that leadership plays a role in determining the strategic direction and stability of the organisation, organisational culture shapes the values and work behaviours that support system effectiveness, while technology enhances speed, accuracy, and innovation in service management. The synergy of these three factors has been proven to create more adaptive, effective, and sustainable healthcare management. The application of visionary leadership, a collaborative work culture, and the comprehensive integration of health information technology are key to facing global dynamics and increasing the competitiveness of hospitals in Indonesia
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EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY OF MARKETING CHANNELS IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND IMPACT ON FARMER INCOME
This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing channels in the distribution of agricultural products and to analyse the influence of channel structure and function on farmers' income. This study uses a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach through an examination of various scientific literature, previous research results, and agricultural economic policy publications. The results of the study show that the effectiveness of marketing channels is determined by the ability of the distribution system to distribute products quickly, accurately, and with minimal cost, while efficiency is related to the optimisation of resources to achieve maximum results. Long and inefficient channel structures generally cause a decline in profit margins at the farmer level because most of the added value is absorbed by intermediaries. Conversely, simple, integrated channel structures and functions supported by supporting functions such as price information, logistics, and cooperative institutions can significantly increase farmers' income. This study also emphasises the importance of modernising marketing systems through digitalisation, strengthening farmer institutions, and supporting public policies that favour producer welfare. Optimising the effectiveness and efficiency of agricultural marketing channels is key to improving the competitiveness and economic stability of farmers in the era of globalisation.
EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES THROUGH THE ROLE OF RATING AGENCIES IN ENSURING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF FINANCIAL INDICATORS, CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, AND PUBLIC TRANSPARENCY
This study aims to evaluate the health of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) through the role of rating agencies in ensuring financial performance and stability by examining three main dimensions, namely financial indicators, corporate governance, and public transparency. The research method used is library research with a qualitative descriptive approach that focuses on conceptual analysis of various scientific sources, rating agency reports, and government regulations on SOE governance. The results of the study show that financial indicators serve as objective benchmarks in assessing operational efficiency and sustainability, while corporate governance plays a role in maintaining accountability and internal control. On the other hand, public transparency strengthens public and investor confidence in state financial management. Rating agencies play an important role as external supervisors that provide objective assessments of SOE health and encourage the creation of a corporate culture that is transparent, professional, and performance-oriented. The synergy between strengthening financial indicators, implementing good governance, and public information disclosure under the supervision of independent rating agencies has proven to be the main foundation for the sustainability and competitiveness of SOEs at the national and global levels.
EVALUATION OF COMPETENCY-BASED CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND TRAINING PROGRAMMES IN IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE: A THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL STUDY IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES
This study aims to analyse, both theoretically and practically, the effectiveness of career development programmes and competency-based training in encouraging improved employee performance in a manufacturing company environment. The method used is a literature review that refers to various scientific literature, research journals, and empirical reports relevant to the field of human resource management. The results of the study show that planned career development and competency-oriented training can increase employee motivation, productivity, and loyalty. Theoretically, the integration of competency theory, motivation theory, and career development theory explains how the formation of individual competencies directly affects organisational performance. Meanwhile, in practical terms, the implementation of competency-based programmes in manufacturing companies has been proven to increase work efficiency, reduce operational error rates, and strengthen the workforce's readiness to face industrial transformation. This study emphasises the importance of continuous evaluation of training and career development programmes as part of a strategy for developing superior and highly competitive human resources.
A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT IN ENHANCING MACROECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS: A LITERATURE REVIEW BASED ON ECONOMETRIC AND PUBLIC POLICY APPROACHES
Financial management plays a central role in maintaining economic stability and strengthening macroeconomic competitiveness amid increasingly complex global challenges. This study aims to critically review the relationship between the effectiveness of financial management and the improvement of macroeconomic competitiveness through a literature review based on econometric and public policy approaches. Using a literature review method, this study analyses the empirical results of various previous studies that highlight the relationship between fiscal and monetary policies and public financial management on economic growth and macro stability. The econometric approach is used as a conceptual framework to understand the causal relationship between economic variables, such as government spending, inflation, exchange rates, and GDP, while the public policy perspective is used to assess the institutional dimensions and effectiveness of financial policy implementation. The results of the study show that transparent financial management, fiscal discipline, budget system reform, and cross-sector policy coordination can improve economic efficiency and create sustainable macro stability. In addition, the synergy between fiscal, monetary, and public institutional policies has a significant effect on improving the economic competitiveness index through strengthening innovation, investment, and public confidence in the financial system. This study concludes that financial management based on empirical analysis and adaptive public policy is an important foundation for achieving sustainable macroeconomic competitiveness in the era of globalisation.
THE INFLUENCE OF PRICE PERCEPTION, E-WOM, BRAND AMBASSADOR, AND HALAL LABELING ON ARTHA LDT SKINCARE PURCHASING DECISIONS THROUGH BUYER INTEREST IN BESUKI SITUBONDO
This study conceptually examines how price perception, electronic word of mouth (E‑WOM), brand ambassadors, and halal labeling influence purchase decisions for Artha LDT skincare products, with purchase intention serving as an intervening variable. The research context is Besuki, Situbondo, where local halal-certified skincare brands have grown through online marketplaces and social media. Using theoretical synthesis from consumer behavior, marketing communications, and halal consumer studies, this paper develops hypotheses and a conceptual path model. The analysis suggests that perceived affordability and price–quality fit positively shape purchase intention; E‑WOM and credible brand ambassadors amplify trust and perceived value; halal labeling reduces perceived consumption risk and strengthens intention among Muslim consumers. Purchase intention mediates the relationship between the antecedents and actual purchase decision. Contributions include a contextualized model for halal skincare marketing and practical recommendations for MSME brands aiming to scale through digital channels.
DEVELOPMENT OF SAMBAS SONGKET WEAVING MSMEs FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SHARIA ENTREPRENEURSHIP
MSMEs play a vital role in the national economy and in preserving local culture. In Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan, the songket weaving industry is not only a source of livelihood but also a symbol of the cultural identity of the Malay community. However, weaving MSMEs still face challenges such as limited capital, market access, and business governance. Sharia entrepreneurship offers an alternative approach that emphasizes blessings, justice, and spiritual values in running a business. This study aims to analyze how the development of Sambas weaving MSMEs can be directed in accordance with the principles of sharia entrepreneurship. The method used is a descriptive qualitative study using a literature approach and field observations. The results indicate that the integration of sharia principles can encourage more sustainable and ethical MSME development.
EXPLORING DIGITAL INNOVATION CAPABILITIES IN MSMES AGROSOCIOPRENEURSHIP : AN ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEM PERSPECTIVE
Digital transformation is a strategic factor for agrosociopreneurial MSMEs to enhance competitiveness and business sustainability . This study aims to develop a conceptual model explaining the relationships between the Digital Entrepreneurial Ecosystem (DEE), Innovation Capability (IC), and Business Performance (BP). An exploratory – theoretical design was employed using bibliometric and systematic literature review (SLR) methods . Data were analyzed using VOSviewer for trend mapping and Co- occurrence Matrix. The study population compressed scientific publications , industry reports , and experts and academics in digital innovation , green economy , and MSME development , with a sample consisting of research articles from the past ten years and ten purposively selected experts . The findings indicate that DEE plays a crucial role in enhancing the innovation capability of agrosociopreneurial MSMEs . Value co-creation is identified as a key mechanism mediating the DEE–IC relationship and potentially strengthening the impact of DEE when stakeholders engagement is high . The proposed conceptual model provides a theoretical contribution by integrating DEE, co-creation , and IC, as well as practical recommendations to strengthen digital collaboration , technological literacy , and innovation policies for MSMEs .
EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION STRATEGIES IN BUSINESS NEGOTIATIONS IN THE UMKM SECTOR
This research departs from problem low the effectiveness of communication strategies in business negotiations in the MSME sector which impacts the results negotiation and competitiveness business. The aim of the research is to identify and analyze communication strategies effective in MSME negotiations as well its implications for business development. The method used is qualitative with a case study design, involving interview in-depth, observation, and documentation analysis. The research results found that personal and direct communication, the use of digital media in an intensive, as well as innovation in packaging narrative- like messages persuasiveness is a factor main success MSME negotiations. This innovation strengthens emotional bonding with business partners and increases persuasive power. The implications of this research emphasize importance training interpersonal and digital communication, as well as the development of adaptive communication strategies to support the sustainability and growth of MSMEs in the dynamic digital era.
THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA AS A BUSINESS COMMUNICATION TOOLIN IMPROVING CUSTOMER LOYALTY
rapid development of social media has made this platform a tool main business communication, but many business actors face challenges in utilizing social media to increase loyalty customers. This study aims to examine the role of social media as a tool business communication in building and improving loyalty customers. The method used is qualitative with a case study approach, involving interview in-depth and observation of active business actors utilizing social media. Research results show that selecting platforms such as Instagram and WhatsApp, a personal and responsive communication strategy, and appropriate management of challenges and risks significantly contribute to increased engagement. loyalty customers. Implications In practice, this research emphasizes importance dynamic digital communication strategy adaptation and risk management communication on social media to strengthen business- customer relationship continuously . This research contributes to the development of theory digital business communications and offers directions strategic for business practices in the digital age
DETERMINANTS OF FARMERS’ WELFARE IN INDONESIA: EVIDENCE FROM THE 2020–2024 MACROECONOMIC AGRICULTURAL INDICATORS
Farmers’ welfare remains a central issue in Indonesia’s rural economic development, particularly during periods of global economic volatility and increasing climate-related production risks. This study analyzes the determinants of farmers’ welfare in Indonesia from 2020 to 2024 using the Farmers’ Terms of Trade (NTP) as the welfare indicator. Monthly macroeconomic agricultural data were examined through multiple linear regression to evaluate the effects of the Farmers’ Received Price Index (IDTP), Farmers’ Paid Price Index (IDBP), Household Consumption Expenditure (KRT), and Production and Capital Input Costs (BPRB). The results indicate that IDTP has a significant positive effect on farmers’ welfare, demonstrating that higher commodity selling prices enhance purchasing power and income stability. Conversely, IDBP, KRT, and BPRB show significant negative impacts, indicating that rising input prices, increasing living costs, and higher production capital burdens reduce farmers’ net income and welfare. These findings are reinforced by recent empirical evidence that climate vulnerability and agricultural extension performance mediate the effectiveness of price incentives and cost management strategies. Policy implications highlight the urgency of stabilizing output market prices, improving access to cost-efficient inputs, strengthening adaptive capacity to climate impacts, and enhancing the institutional performance of agricultural extension systems. Strengthening these support mechanisms is essential to advancing inclusive and sustainable farmer welfare in Indonesia.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORK SPIRITUALITY AND ETHICAL INTUITION ON ACCOUNTING DECISION MAKING IN AMBIGUOUS CONDITIONS BY YOUNG PROFESSIONALS IN THE VUCA ERA
The current professional accounting environment is characterized by VUCA (Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity) dynamics , which increase the potential for ethical dilemmas in financial reporting practices. This situation demands that young professionals be able to make ethical accounting decisions amidst pressure and information ambiguity. This study aims to analyze the influence of work spirituality and ethical intuition on accounting decision-making under ambiguous conditions. An explanatory quantitative approach was used with a survey method on 31 district/city inspectorate auditors in Maluku Province . Data were analyzed using Partial Least Square (SmartPLS 4) . The results showed that work spirituality and ethical intuition had a positive and significant effect on accounting decision-making under ambiguous conditions. The R² value of 0.690 indicated that the two variables were able to explain 69% of the variation in accounting decisions under ambiguous conditions.
REALIZING SUPERIOR AND PROFESSIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS MODEL FOR ACHIEVING INCLUSIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH (AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF LAMAPPAPOLEONRO UNIVERSITY)
This abstract was presented at the international conference of Lamappapoleonro University, themed “Excellent and Professional Entrepreneurship for Global Sustainability”, conducted via Zoom on October 13, 2025, at 1:30 PM. The speakers were scholars from several universities in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, and Uzbekistan. This study aims to examine the role of superior and professional entrepreneurship in promoting inclusive economic growth through the application of the Sustainable Business Model (SBM). In today's global and digital economy, entrepreneurship no longer focuses solely on profit, but also on social and environmental impact, which is at the core of professionalism and excellence. This study analyzes how integrating sustainability principles into the business value chain can increase the competitiveness of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and create economic opportunities for underrepresented groups. The method used was a systematic literature review and analysis, examining various successful models and strategies in promoting adaptive and innovative entrepreneurship. Key findings show that MBB, which includes aspects of good governance, environmentally friendly product or process innovation, and social value creation, significantly contributes to the economic resilience of MSMEs. In addition, the adoption of digital technology and ecosystem collaboration (involving the government, private sector, and civil society) has proven effective in overcoming access and literacy gaps, thereby strengthening the inclusiveness of economic growth. Professional entrepreneurship acts as an agent of change that not only generates economic value but also contributes to social and environmental well-being. Therefore, this study recommends targeted policy interventions to strengthen digital capacity, gender-sensitive training, and the development of regulations that support the full participation of entrepreneurs in realizing sustainable and equitable economic development.
THE EFFECT OF THE USE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, EFFECTIVENESS OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS, AND TASK COMPLEXITY ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE(Empirical Study on 4-Star Hotels in Badung Regency)
The continuity of a company is highly determined by its employees’ performance. Performance improvement is affected by individual ability to utilize information technology effectively. This study aims to obtain empirical evidence regarding the effect of the use of information technology, the effectiveness of accounting information systems, and task complexity on employee performance. The research was conducted at 4-star hotels in Badung Regency, totaling 12 hotels, each employing 8–9 accounting staff. The population of this study consisted of 98 accounting employees from those 4-star hotels. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, resulting in 65 respondents who met the criteria employees who had worked for more than one year and used the SAP (Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing) system. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The results indicate that the use of information technology and the effectiveness of accounting information systems have a positive effect on employee performance, while task complexity has a negative effect on employee performance at 4-star hotels in Badung Regency. These findings emphasize the importance of improving information technology capability and accounting information system effectiveness in supporting employee performance within the hospitality industry.
Effectiveness of Accounting Information Systems
EMPHASIS ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES AND ETHICS FOR GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY: (AT THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF LAMAPPAPOLEONRO UNIVERSITY)
This abstract was presented at the international conference of Lamappapoleonro University, themed "Excellent And Professional Entrepreneurship For Global Sustainability," conducted via Zoom on October 13, 2025, at 1:30 PM. The speakers were scholars from several universities in India, Pakistan, Malaysia, Thailand, and Uzbekistan. This study analyzes how entrepreneurial skills and ethics affect global sustainability goals. Entrepreneurship is seen as a key driver of economic growth and sustainability in the face of climate change, social inequality, and environmental degradation. This study outlines the core competencies and ethics that promote sustainable business growth and professional entrepreneurship. The qualitative study interviewed 15 successful entrepreneurs from Asia, Europe, and Africa who have integrated sustainability into their businesses. The findings emphasize the need of ethical decision-making, long-term thinking, and stakeholder engagement in company strategies. These attributes lead entrepreneurs to make more expensive but beneficial social and environmental decisions. This research illuminates the relationship between professional entrepreneurship and global sustainability activities, influencing educational curriculum and company operations. To achieve sustainable growth, entrepreneurial skills and ethics are needed, according to study. The data show that entrepreneurial greatness includes integrity, social responsibility, and environmental care as well as financial success.
THE INFLUENCE OF PROMOTION ON SALES IMPROVEMENT AT DIANKA BOUTIQUE, SOPPENG REGENCY
This research aims to analyze the influence of promotion on sales improvement at Dianka Boutique, Soppeng Regency. The study employs a quantitative descriptive method with data collected from 100 respondents who are customers of Dianka Boutique. Data were obtained through questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The results of the study reveal that promotional activities, including advertising, sales promotion, personal selling, and publicity, have a significant effect on increasing sales volume. The study concludes that effective promotional strategies enhance consumer awareness and purchasing interest, which consequently lead to higher sales. This finding highlights the importance of utilizing digital and social media platforms as a cost-effective and efficient promotional
THE ROLE OF SERIKIN MARKET AS A CENTRE FOR CROSS-BORDER ECONOMIC INTERACTION BETWEEN INDONESIAN AND MALAYSIAN COMMUNITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW STUDY
Serikin Market is one of the strategic cross-border economic interaction centres between the Indonesian and Malaysian communities in the border region of West Kalimantan and Sarawak. This study aims to analyse the role and benefits of Serikin Market in supporting cross-border economic, social, and cultural dynamics through a literature review of various relevant sources. The results of the study show that Serikin Market is not only an effective means of distributing goods and services, but also plays an important role in strengthening socio-cultural relations between border residents and encouraging the growth of the micro-economic sector and MSMEs. However, this market also faces significant challenges, such as limited infrastructure, diverse cross-border regulations, and risky informal trading practices. Policy synergy and adaptive management from both governments are needed to maintain the sustainability and optimisation of this market's function as a centre for cross-border economic interaction. This research provides a comprehensive understanding that can serve as a basis for policy-making in border areas.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ACCOUNTING TRANSPARENCY AND MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTABILITY
This study aims to analyze the implications of digital transformation in corporate governance on accounting transparency and managerial accountability using a literature review method. Digital transformation has brought fundamental changes to corporate management systems through the adoption of technologies such as big data analytics, blockchain, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, which impact oversight, reporting, and managerial decision-making mechanisms. This literature review examines various previous studies to understand how digitalization strengthens corporate governance practices by improving information accessibility, audit efficiency, and financial data integrity. Furthermore, this study explores emerging challenges, such as cybersecurity risks, algorithmic bias, and the digital competency gap among stakeholders. The study's findings indicate that the appropriate application of digital technology in corporate governance systems can strengthen accounting transparency by improving reporting accuracy and speed, and foster managerial accountability through real-time data-based monitoring systems. However, successful implementation depends on the organization's commitment to balancing technological innovation with ethical principles in governance. Therefore, digital transformation is not merely a technological adaptation but also a process of recontextualizing governance principles, requiring strategic collaboration between technology, regulations, and business ethics.
PREDICTION OF FINANCIAL DISTRESS USING THE ALTMAN AND ZMIJEWSKI MODELS
This study aims to analyze the prediction of financial distress in all non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2021–2023 using the Altman Z-Score Model and the Zmijewski Model, as well as to compare the prediction accuracy levels of both models. Financial distress is a condition in which a firm experiences financial difficulties that may lead to bankruptcy. This study employs a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The research sample consists of 250 firms determined by stratified random sampling and analyzed using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test and prediction accuracy testing through the Bootstrapping method. The results show that there is a significant difference between the Altman Model and the Zmijewski Model in predicting financial distress. Furthermore, the Zmijewski Model shows a higher prediction accuracy of 95.1% compared to the Altman Model at 89.6%. These findings are expected to provide theoretical and practical contributions, particularly for decision-making by firm management, investors, and creditors.
PROMOTING ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND INNOVATION WITHIN ORGANISATIONS: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON STRATEGIES FOR DEVELOPING AN INNOVATIVE CULTURE, TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP, AND ORGANISATIONAL LEARNING DYNAMICS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
This study aims to review the literature on strategies for developing entrepreneurship and innovation within organisations, focusing on three main aspects: innovative culture, transformational leadership, and organisational learning dynamics. Through a systematic literature review approach, this study identifies various best practices that organisations can implement to create a work environment that supports creativity, collaboration, and internal entrepreneurial initiatives. The results of the review show that the synergy between a strong innovative culture, inspirational transformational leadership, and a dynamic organisational learning process is the main foundation for achieving sustainable competitive advantage. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are expected to assist in the development of innovation management models and organisational strategies that are adaptive to rapid and complex changes in the business environment.
THE ROLE OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES AS DEVELOPMENT AGENTS IN PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH: A LITERATURE REVIEW OF GOVERNMENT POLICY, OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY, AND THE CHALLENGES OF GLOBALISATION
This study examines the role of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) as development agents in promoting sustainable economic growth in Indonesia. The literature review focuses on analysing government policies that shape the operational framework of SOEs, operational efficiency as a key factor in improving performance, and the challenges faced in a dynamic and competitive era of globalisation. The results of the study indicate that synergy between supportive policies, internal efficiency, and adaptation to global pressures is crucial to the success of SOEs in carrying out their strategic functions. The transformation of SOEs towards professional and sustainable governance will strengthen their contribution to creating inclusive, equitable, and environmentally friendly economic growth. Policy recommendations are suggested to balance the socio-economic role of SOEs while enhancing global competitiveness through innovation and good governance.
CONTRIBUTION OF STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES TO NATIONAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW STUDY ON SYNERGY, REGULATION AND STRATEGIC ROLE AMID GLOBAL COMPETITION
This study examines the contribution of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) to Indonesia's national economic development, focusing on synergies between stakeholders, regulations, and the strategic role of SOEs in facing increasingly fierce global competition. Through a literature review approach, the study analyses relevant literature, policy documents, and regulations to understand how SOEs function as agents of development as well as competitive business actors. The results of the study confirm that synergy between SOEs, the private sector, and the government is essential in strengthening inclusive and sustainable economic development. In addition, regulatory reforms that improve the governance and administration of SOEs are key to increasing international competitiveness without neglecting their social function. In conclusion, with adaptive regulatory support and solid synergy, SOEs can continue to be a reliable engine of national development while effectively facing global challenges.
OPTIMISATION OF GOVERNANCE AND GCG IN STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISES: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND ERADICATION OF CORRUPTION PRACTICES
This study aims to systematically examine how optimising governance and implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG) principles can serve as an effective strategy in eradicating corruption practices in State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). Through a literature review approach, this study outlines the role of transparency and accountability as key pillars in sound SOE governance, while also analysing the obstacles and challenges in their implementation. Furthermore, this study explores how strengthening internal and external supervisory institutions, implementing digital governance technology, and transforming organisational culture play an important role in closing corruption loopholes. The results of the study show that optimising GCG not only improves the performance of SOEs but also serves as a strategic instrument for building integrity, strengthening accountability, and promoting transparency in a sustainable manner. The implications of this study encourage policymakers and SOE management to strengthen the governance framework with the support of regulations, technology, and multi-stakeholder participation in order to realise clean and professional SOEs.
INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP
This conference presents the findings of international seminar about entrepreneurship in digital era held in 2024. The main focus of the study is entrepreneurship in digital era thrives on innovation. The research examines the role of digital platforms, social media, and artificial intelligence in supporting the growth of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The result highlight that digital entrepreneurship requires not only technological innovation but also strong managerial skills and digital literacy. The article offers strategic recommendations for entrepreneurs and policymakers to build more adaptive and sustainable business ecosystem.
In the digital era, entrepreneurship has undergone significant transformations, with digital business emerging as a key driver of innovation. The integration of advanced technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and big data analytics has revolutionized traditional business models, enabling entrepreneurs to create more efficient, scalable, and customer-centric ventures. Digital platforms facilitate access to a global market, reducing geographical barriers and enhancing communication channels. Furthermore, the rise of e-commerce, mobile applications, and cloud computing has provided new opportunities for business growth, while fostering a more dynamic and competitive business environment. This paper explores the role of innovation in entrepreneurship within the digital era, focusing on the shift towards digital business models, the impact of technological advancements on business strategy, and the emerging trends shaping the future of entrepreneurship. Ultimately, this study highlights the critical importance of adopting digital solutions for entrepreneurs aiming to thrive in the ever-evolving digital landscape.
WILLINGNESS TO PAY FOR HYDROPONIC VEGETABLES IN SAMBAS DISTRICT
Hydroponics is one of the vegetable cultivation techniques that is beginning to develop in Sambas. In addition to its stable price range of IDR 5,000 - IDR 6,000 per 200 gram package, consumers prefer it because the vegetables tend to be healthier and cleaner than similar vegetables grown in soil. This study aims to analyze consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for hydroponic vegetables in Sambas District. The research method used is the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) with data collection through surveys of consumers who have purchased or are interested in hydroponic vegetable products. Data collection was carried out in several locations that are centers for hydroponic vegetable cultivation. The results of the study show that the average WTP that consumers are willing to pay for hydroponic vegetables in Sambas is IDR 6,980 per 200 gram package. Household income and expenditure have very little influence on the purchase of hydroponic vegetables. These findings indicate the market potential for hydroponic vegetable products in Sambas, even though the WTP value of consumers in this region is relatively lower than the results of studies in other regions, which are generally influenced by factors such as health awareness, product quality, and environmental concerns. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for business actors and policy makers in the development of the hydroponic vegetable agribusiness in Sambas, particularly in determining pricing and promotion strategies that are in line with the purchasing power and preferences of local consumers.
PROFITS ANALYSIS OF POLYCULTURE OF MILKFISH AND DRAGON FRUIT IN SARANG BURUNG VILLAGE JAWAI DISTRICT
Food diversification is the effort to increase the availability of diverse foods based on the potential of local resources to support food security and improve community welfare. One way to achieve this is by developing diversified farming and fishing businesses. However, developing just one of these sectors requires more land, and land availability is decreasing in many areas. This is due to the conversion of land for industrial and residential use. As the population grows, the demand for food continues to increase. Additionally, the demand for fish as a source of protein is increasing due to growing public awareness of nutritional needs. Therefore, technological innovations are needed to accommodate these demands, one of which is polyculture. This descriptive study aims to identify the benefits of polyculture between milkfish and dragon fruit cultivation on the same land in Sarang Burung Danau Village Jawai District. The results show that polyculture between milkfish and dragon fruit is beneficial as a means of meeting the community's food needs and as a source of economic income.
ANALYSIS OF THE ADDED VALUE OF LIBERIKA COFFEE POWDER IN SAMUSTIDA VILLAGE, TELUK KERAMAT DISTRICT
The purpose of the study is to analyze the added value of Liberika coffee powder in Samustida Village, Teluk Keramat District. The Mitra Sejahtera Cooperative in Samustida Village has been processing coffee into coffee powder. Using the Hayami method, the research analysis found that the added value of processing coffee powder was Rp 6,930/kg, with an added value ratio of 39.33%. The coffee powder processing business received a positive added value or was classified as a moderate increase in value. To increase income, production of coffee powder must be increased, and efforts must be made to find raw materials, as well as to utilize the resources available within the cooperative according to their respective roles and functions.
THE DYNAMICS OF PALM OIL WORKERS' COMMUNITIES: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORKING CONDITIONS, ECONOMIC ACCESS, AND LIVELIHOOD SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGIES IN INDONESIAN PLANTATION AREAS
This study examines the dynamics of the lives of palm oil workers in Indonesian plantation areas, focusing on the relationship between working conditions, economic access, and livelihood sustainability strategies. Through a systematic literature review, the study identifies that uncertain working conditions and high occupational health risks limit income stability and workers' access to formal financial services. These constraints encourage palm oil workers to adopt adaptive strategies that include livelihood diversification, utilisation of community social capital, and investment in children's education as efforts to maintain livelihood sustainability. This study emphasises the need for integrated interventions from the government, companies, and community institutions to improve working conditions and expand inclusive economic access, as well as to support sustainable and equitable livelihood strategies. These findings serve as an important foundation for efforts to holistically improve the welfare of palm oil workers.
FACTORS AFFECTING THE AUCTION LIMIT VALUE OF NON PERFORMING LOANS COLLATERAL AT PT. BANK NEGARA INDONESIA (PERSERO), TBK. PAPUA REGION
This study aims to analyse the factors that influence the auction limit value of non-performing loans at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero), Tbk. Papua Region. The independent variables analysed include exposure time, collateral location, collateral condition, market value, and liquidation value. Data were collected from internal auction documents and analysed using multiple linear regression. The results show that exposure time has a negative and significant effect on auction limit value, meaning that the longer the property remains unsold and goes through repeated auctions, the more its limit value tends to decrease. The location of the collateral showed a positive effect on the limit value, but it was not significant at the 95% confidence level. The condition of the collateral had a positive and significant effect on the limit value, indicating that properties in better condition had higher limit values. Market value also had a positive and significant effect on the limit value, reinforcing the role of market value as the basis for determining the auction limit value. Conversely, the liquidation value has a negative and significant effect on the limit value, indicating that the higher the liquidation value of collateral, the lower the limit value tends to be compared to its market value. Among the independent variables analysed, the condition of the collateral has the most significant effect. This confirms that collateral conditions in the form of structurally safe and well-maintained property, with complete legality and located in a strategic environment, will reduce the risk of value decline and open up opportunities to obtain auction prices with the highest limit value. These findings are expected to provide strategic information for banks in setting more accurate and effective auction limit values.